Swedish researchers steer poplar growth cycle via biological clock |
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Adjusting the biological clock improves wood production and climate resilience
Trees also live according to the rhythm of a biological clock. This internal timekeeper determines, among other things, when buds form or flowering begins. Swedish scientists have now shown that this clock can be intentionally adjusted—and that doing so can influence the growth performance of trees.
| Genetically modified trees (Image: Gabrielle Beans, Umeå University) |
Researchers at Umeå University developed 68 genetically modified variants of poplar, each with an altered biological clock. Some were planted outdoors in the field, while others were grown in a greenhouse. Over several years, the scientists monitored how the trees grew and developed, compared to unmodified specimens.
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The biological clock can be intentionally adjusted—and doing so can influence the growth performance of trees.
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Clock genes control bud formation
The study, recently published in npj Biological Timing and Sleep, shows that certain "clock genes" are crucial for the timing of bud formation and flowering. In some genetically modified trees, flowering occurred earlier, especially under natural conditions. According to the researchers, this demonstrates that trees can be programmed to perform better under specific environmental conditions, such as day length at different latitudes.
Faster growth, more wood
"You can synchronize the growth cycle of trees with the daylight at a specific location," says researcher Maria Eriksson. "That is particularly relevant in northern regions, where the growing season is short." By enabling trees to bloom and grow faster, wood production can be increased. Biomass generation could also become more efficient as a result.
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In some genetically modified trees, flowering occurred earlier, especially under natural conditions.
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Applicable to forest management
The knowledge gained from this study also opens possibilities for climate-resilient forest management. Genetically adapted trees could be more resistant to changing weather conditions. This could contribute to more resilient forests and better planning of planting and harvesting worldwide.
Finally, the researchers believe these insights can help predict how forests will respond to a changing climate. This makes the research valuable not only for forestry practice but also for ecological policymaking.
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By enabling trees to bloom and grow faster, wood production can be increased, and biomass generation can also become more efficient.
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This article was originally published on April 22, 2025 on the Boom In Business website.
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